<aside> 💡 Units to study that are not in this review page: Historical Thinking, Indigenous Perspectives

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Conflict and Cooperation : WWI

The MAIN causes of WWI

M - Militarism

A - Alliances

I - Imperialism

N - Nationalism

Building up armed forces, getting ready for war

Agreements or promises to defend or help another country or nation

Trying to build up an Empire (Powerful colonization, controls over other countries)

Having pride in your country or nation, willing to defend it

Murder of Archduke Franz-Ferdinand

• In June 1914, Archduke Franz-Ferdinand strolls into the town of Sarajevo with his wife
• Complications on his stroll through Sarajevo when a bomb was thrown at Ferdinand’s Motorcade but it did not do damage to Ferdinand.
• Furthermore, as they shortcut through Sarajevo a 19-year old Gavrilo Princip shoots Ferdinand point blank and his wife dead, then attempted suicide via poison.
• Gavrilo was unsuccessful in his suicide and was convicted

The Schlieffen Plan

• The Schlieffen plan was an organized attack against Paris
  • In which the Germans would cross through Belgium to attack from north of France into Paris
  • As the French are distracted from the attacks on the Franco-German border, they would veer from Paris
  • And it would be easier for Germany to attack Paris and take over in time to focus on Russia
    • Before Russia’s army could be immobilized to attack Germany on the Eastern front

The plan relied on

• Belgium’s agreement to let Germany cross
• France’s attacks along the border
• Russia’s slow immobilization

What ended up happening

• Belgium denied Germany to cross and defended themselves
• France did attack the border as planned
• Russia immobilized their army faster than they predicted
  • Caused a further shift in plans and more forces had to be focused on the Eastern front

Nation-wide disapproval

• Nations and Alliances across the continent and overseas condemned Germany’s planning on shortcutting through Belgium
• As the said nations had an agreement with Belgium that they were strictly neutral and to not give advantage to one power over another

WWI Trench Warfare System

• Often long dig-outs that hold many soldiers
• Spanning upwards of hundreds of kilometers across frontlines, shaped in complex, strategic patterns
• Just over the trench is No Man’s Land

Francis Pegahmagabow

• 25 year-old Anishinaabe soldier
• Assigned messenger
  • A very hard role to fight in
  • Running in No Man’s Land
• Reassigned to target German Gunners
• Survived the entire war
• Awarded for his efforts and impact especially his survival considering his role

Arthur Currie

• Head of the Vimy Ridge attack
• Planned and executed the attack on Vimy Ridge using an efficient plan, Creeping Barrage
  • The plan followed that a line of shellfire just in front of the Canadian troops and then keep it moving forward like a shield so that the soldiers could move behind it, across the battlefield
• Awarded for victory in capturing Vimy Ridge in which the French and British struggled to do so
• This showed a strong impact and sowed the reputation of the Canadian military

Home Front

• The Home front was the term that described the situation back home
• As the aid of a country back home was determined to help the men in war fight for their country
  • This aid used people, resources and society as a whole to shift to the needs of war

The role of Women - Voting

• Before WWI, Women did not have the right to vote and rarely worked jobs
• WWI provided the opportunity for women to take part in various aid and work roles
  • For War, this included nursing, factory work and resourcing
  • For Civilization, while men were out fighting, they occupied their societal roles to care for their families
• After WWI, the government gave some women the right to vote in federal election for their duties
  • But this was corrupt in that they selected the rights to benefit the politicians they wanted them to favour

The role of Women - Nursing

• Many Canadian Nursing sisters served in the Canadian Army Medical Corps
• 58 Nurses died during WWI
• Nicknamed Bluebirds due to their uniform tailored with a blue accent
• Were trained before enlistment, which limited the amount of women who served
• Many nurses continued to put their ability to use after the war in hospitalization

<aside> 💡 Nurses in WWI mainly comprised of women who were a great impact to the war and able to aid the soldiers in need. They continued to develop this skillset after the war, applying it to hospitals and aid

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Raising Money

• During WWI, the government used various fundraising methods for the war, this included

Rationing

• Food was rationed between not only soldiers but back at the Home front with civilians to extend the length of the supply
• Often bare food items like sugar, flour, meat and eggs were given overseas to soldiers along with materials
• Recycling was also important to rationing to keep materials in long-lasting use
• Women were the main contributors for this

Enemy Aliens

• Immigrants from enemy countries could have their rights and possessions taken away by the government
• In general was oppressed by the government, including harsh acts like :
• In 1914 the War Measures act set out to resolve these issues and prevent the government from doing this again in the future